![]() Thus there is a certain level of flexibility in representing a language with the IPA. For non-contrastive (that is, phonetic or subphonemic) details of these sounds, the IPA relies on diacritics, which are optional. Instead, it provides a single symbol, ɾ, that covers both. For instance, a flap and a tap are two different articulations, but since no language has (yet) been found to make a phonemic distinction between them, the IPA does not provide them with dedicated symbols. ![]() ![]() It aims to provide a separate symbol for every contrastive (that is, phonemic) sound occurring in human language. The IPA is what MacMahon (1996) has termed a "selective" phonetic alphabet. The general principle of the IPA is to provide a separate symbol for each speech segment, avoiding letter combinations ( digraphs) such as sh and th in English orthography, and avoiding ambiguity such as that of c in English. History Main article: History of the International Phonetic Alphabet 12 Comparison to other phonetic notation.10.1 How to transcribe sounds that don't have symbols in the IPA charts.10 Obsolete symbols, nonstandard symbols, and capital variants.
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